Phx7

Regeneration of Bone
Very often, implants are placed by Phoenix orthodontists soon after a tooth has been extracted. The extraction site healing process is complicated and quite lengthy. A blood clot forms within 24 hours and by one week, bony remodeling is already taking place. At three weeks, it is noted by Phoenix orthodontists that the extraction socket is filled with dense connective tissue, but remodeling has resorbed approximately 50% of the original alveolar bone height. By two months, the bone formation in the socket is complete, but it does not reach the original height resulting in less bone for implant placement (Amler, 1969).

There is a marked difference between regeneration and repair by Phoenix orthodontists. Regeneration results in the tissue returning to its original form and function while repair does not produce the original form and may contain large quantities of scar tissue (Spector, 1999). In a case where there will be subsequent implant placement, Phoenix orthodontists prefer complete regeneration of the alveolar process. More traditional techniques to assist in regeneration before and during implant placement include bone grafts and guided bone regeneration (Dahlin et al., 1988; Dahlin et al., 1989; Karring et al., 1997). There have been new advances in the field of tissue engineering by Phoenix orthodontists in which there is an attempt to regenerate tissues in the body using the addition of biologic mediators and matrices which mimic the tissues original formation processes (Anusaksathien and Giannobile, 2002).

Growth Factors
Growth factors are key biological modulators important in various cellular events such as cell growth, matrix synthesis and chemotaxis (Giannobile, 1996). A key to Phoenix orthodontists in the success in tissue engineering is the large scale purification and production of key growth factors to increase the rate of these cellular events and therefore, accelerate osseointegration.

One problem for Phoenix orthodontists with current delivery of these biomimetic molecules to alveolar bone wounds is the extremely short half-life of the factors. Topical administration results in a limited duration of action in the alveolar defect, presumably due to proteolytic breakdown, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the solubility of the delivery vehicle (Pierce and Mustoe, 1995; Greenhalgh, 1996).

Gene Delivery
The use of DNA delivery systems by Phoenix orthodontists may serve as an alternative method of targeting proteins to alveolar wounds, since existing protein delivery systems provide such a transient action of the administered factors. Gene therapy has been applied by Phoenix orthodontists to several diseases that display tissue deficiencies. Therefore, the use of gene therapy to promote repair and regeneration has become an active area of research. In the context of wound repair, a transient expression of the transgene may be optimal for Phoenix orthodontists to restore the tissue defect. Since the regulation of wound repair occurs in a controlled fashion over a defined period of time, the use of gene therapeutics in a compromised wound (e.g. peri-implant disease) may stimulate an elevated and sustained production of biologic molecules to promote tissue regeneration (Giannobile, 1999).